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Chemical Elements with Atomic Mass

Explore the building blocks of the universe. This page provides a comprehensive list of all 118 chemical elements, complete with their atomic number, symbol, name, category, and atomic mass. A perfect quick reference for students, chemists, and science enthusiasts.

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Chemical Elements with Atomic Mass

Atomic No. Element Name Sym. Category Atomic Mass(u)
1 Hydrogen H Non-metal 1.008
2 Helium He Noble Gas 4.0026
3 Lithium Li Alkali Metal 6.94
4 Beryllium Be Alkaline Earth Metal 9.0122
5 Boron B Metalloid 10.81
6 Carbon C Non-metal 12.011
7 Nitrogen N Non-metal 14.007
8 Oxygen O Non-metal 15.999
9 Fluorine F Halogen 18.998
10 Neon Ne Noble Gas 20.180
11 Sodium Na Alkali Metal 22.990
12 Magnesium Mg Alkaline Earth Metal 24.305
13 Aluminium Al Post-transition Metal 26.982
14 Silicon Si Metalloid 28.085
15 Phosphorus P Non-metal 30.974
16 Sulfur S Non-metal 32.06
17 Chlorine Cl Halogen 35.45
18 Argon Ar Noble Gas 39.948
19 Potassium K Alkali Metal 39.098
20 Calcium Ca Alkaline Earth Metal 40.078
21 Scandium Sc Transition Metal 44.956
22 Titanium Ti Transition Metal 47.867
23 Vanadium V Transition Metal 50.942
24 Chromium Cr Transition Metal 51.996
25 Manganese Mn Transition Metal 54.938
26 Iron Fe Transition Metal 55.845
27 Cobalt Co Transition Metal 58.933
28 Nickel Ni Transition Metal 58.693
29 Copper Cu Transition Metal 63.546
30 Zinc Zn Transition Metal 65.38
31 Gallium Ga Post-transition Metal 69.723
32 Germanium Ge Metalloid 72.630
33 Arsenic As Metalloid 74.922
34 Selenium Se Non-metal 78.971
35 Bromine Br Halogen 79.904
36 Krypton Kr Noble Gas 83.798
37 Rubidium Rb Alkali Metal 85.468
38 Strontium Sr Alkaline Earth Metal 87.62
39 Yttrium Y Transition Metal 88.906
40 Zirconium Zr Transition Metal 91.224
41 Niobium Nb Transition Metal 92.906
42 Molybdenum Mo Transition Metal 95.95
43 Technetium Tc Transition Metal (98)
44 Ruthenium Ru Transition Metal 101.07
45 Rhodium Rh Transition Metal 102.91
46 Palladium Pd Transition Metal 106.42
47 Silver Ag Transition Metal 107.87
48 Cadmium Cd Transition Metal 112.41
49 Indium In Post-transition Metal 114.82
50 Tin Sn Post-transition Metal 118.71
51 Antimony Sb Metalloid 121.76
52 Tellurium Te Metalloid 127.60
53 Iodine I Halogen 126.90
54 Xenon Xe Noble Gas 131.29
55 Caesium Cs Alkali Metal 132.91
56 Barium Ba Alkaline Earth Metal 137.33
57 Lanthanum La Lanthanide 138.91
58 Cerium Ce Lanthanide 140.12
59 Praseodymium Pr Lanthanide 140.91
60 Neodymium Nd Lanthanide 144.24
61 Promethium Pm Lanthanide (145)
62 Samarium Sm Lanthanide 150.36
63 Europium Eu Lanthanide 151.96
64 Gadolinium Gd Lanthanide 157.25
65 Terbium Tb Lanthanide 158.93
66 Dysprosium Dy Lanthanide 162.50
67 Holmium Ho Lanthanide 164.93
68 Erbium Er Lanthanide 167.26
69 Thulium Tm Lanthanide 168.93
70 Ytterbium Yb Lanthanide 173.05
71 Lutetium Lu Lanthanide 174.97
72 Hafnium Hf Transition Metal 178.49
73 Tantalum Ta Transition Metal 180.95
74 Tungsten W Transition Metal 183.84
75 Rhenium Re Transition Metal 186.21
76 Osmium Os Transition Metal 190.23
77 Iridium Ir Transition Metal 192.22
78 Platinum Pt Transition Metal 195.08
79 Gold Au Transition Metal 196.97
80 Mercury Hg Transition Metal 200.59
81 Thallium Tl Post-transition Metal 204.38
82 Lead Pb Post-transition Metal 207.2
83 Bismuth Bi Post-transition Metal 208.98
84 Polonium Po Metalloid (209)
85 Astatine At Halogen (210)
86 Radon Rn Noble Gas (222)
87 Francium Fr Alkali Metal (223)
88 Radium Ra Alkaline Earth Metal (226)
89 Actinium Ac Actinide (227)
90 Thorium Th Actinide 232.04
91 Protactinium Pa Actinide 231.04
92 Uranium U Actinide 238.03
93 Neptunium Np Actinide (237)
94 Plutonium Pu Actinide (244)
95 Americium Am Actinide (243)
96 Curium Cm Actinide (247)
97 Berkelium Bk Actinide (247)
98 Californium Cf Actinide (251)
99 Einsteinium Es Actinide (252)
100 Fermium Fm Actinide (257)
101 Mendelevium Md Actinide (258)
102 Nobelium No Actinide (259)
103 Lawrencium Lr Actinide (266)
104 Rutherfordium Rf Transition Metal (267)
105 Dubnium Db Transition Metal (268)
106 Seaborgium Sg Transition Metal (271)
107 Bohrium Bh Transition Metal (272)
108 Hassium Hs Transition Metal (270)
109 Meitnerium Mt Unknown (276)
110 Darmstadtium Ds Unknown (281)
111 Roentgenium Rg Unknown (282)
112 Copernicium Cn Transition Metal (285)
113 Nihonium Nh Unknown (286)
114 Flerovium Fl Post-transition Metal (289)
115 Moscovium Mc Unknown (290)
116 Livermorium Lv Post-transition Metal (293)
117 Tennessine Ts Halogen (294)
118 Oganesson Og Noble Gas (294)

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) - Periodic Table

1. How many chemical elements are there in total?

As of now, there are 118 officially recognized chemical elements that complete the first seven rows of the periodic table. While elements up to 94 exist naturally on Earth, elements from 95 to 118 have only been synthesized in laboratories. Scientists are actively working on creating heavier elements (like element 119 and beyond), which would begin a new, eighth row of the periodic table.

2. What is the first element?

The first element is Hydrogen (H), which holds the atomic number 1. This means it has just one proton in its nucleus, making it the simplest and lightest of all elements. It's also the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of all baryonic mass and serving as the primary fuel for stars like our Sun.

3. What is the last element?

The last known element is Oganesson (Og), with atomic number 118. It is a synthetic, superheavy element created in a laboratory and is extremely unstable, with its most stable known isotope having a half-life of less than a millisecond. It is named after the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian and is classified as a noble gas, although its properties are expected to differ significantly from others in the group due to relativistic effects.

4. What is the lightest element?

Hydrogen (H) is the lightest element, with an atomic mass of about 1.008 atomic mass units (u). Its most common isotope, protium, consists of only a single proton and a single electron, with no neutrons. This simple structure gives it the lowest density of any element.

5. What is the heaviest element?

The heaviest known element is Oganesson (Og), with an atomic number of 118. Its atomic mass is approximately 294 u. It's a synthetic element, meaning it doesn't occur naturally and has only been produced in a lab. Due to its extreme instability, only a few atoms have ever been created, making it difficult to study its properties directly.

6. How many groups are in the periodic table?

The periodic table has 18 vertical columns known as groups. Elements within the same group share similar chemical properties because they have the same number of valence electrons (electrons in the outermost shell). For example, all elements in Group 1 (the alkali metals) are highly reactive and have one valence electron.

7. How many periods are in the periodic table?

There are 7 horizontal rows in the periodic table, called periods. As you move from left to right across a period, the atomic number of each element increases by one. All elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.

8. What are the Lanthanide and Actinide series?

The Lanthanide series (elements 57-71) and the Actinide series (elements 89-103) are two special rows of elements usually placed at the bottom of the periodic table to keep it from becoming too wide. They are both part of the f-block elements. Lanthanides are known as rare-earth metals, while Actinides are all radioactive.

9. Which element floats on water?

Several alkali metals are less dense than water and can float on it, most notably Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), and Potassium (K). However, they also react very vigorously and often violently with water, so this is a dangerous experiment to perform without proper safety precautions.

10. Which are the Noble Gases?

The Noble Gases are the elements in Group 18 of the periodic table: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and the radioactive Oganesson (Og). They are known for their extreme stability and low reactivity because their outermost electron shells are completely full.

11. From which language are the element symbols derived?

Many element symbols are derived from their Latin names, especially for elements known since ancient times. For example, the symbol for Sodium is Na (from Natrium), Gold is Au (from Aurum), and Iron is Fe (from Ferrum). Other symbols come from Greek, English, or are named after people or places.

12. What is the most reactive metal?

Francium (Fr) is considered the most reactive metal. As an alkali metal at the bottom of Group 1, it has a very low ionization energy, meaning it gives up its outermost electron very easily. However, it is extremely rare and radioactive, so its chemistry is not widely studied. Cesium (Cs), just above it, is the most reactive stable metal.

13. What is the least reactive metal?

The least reactive metals are often called the noble metals. Gold (Au) and Platinum (Pt) are prime examples. Their low reactivity is why they do not corrode or tarnish easily, making them highly valued for jewelry and long-lasting applications.

14. What is the most abundant element in the Earth's crust?

Oxygen (O) is the most abundant element by mass in the Earth's crust, making up about 46.6%. It is mostly found combined with other elements in minerals like silicates and carbonates. The second most abundant is Silicon (Si).

15. Which element is most abundant in the human body?

Oxygen is also the most abundant element in the human body by mass, accounting for about 65% of our body weight. This is primarily because our bodies are about 60% water (H₂O), and oxygen is a major component of water, as well as organic molecules like proteins and fats.

16. Which elements are found as gases?

At standard temperature and pressure (STP: 0°C and 1 atm), eleven elements are gases. These include Hydrogen (H₂), Nitrogen (N₂), Oxygen (O₂), Fluorine (F₂), Chlorine (Cl₂), and all the noble gases: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), and Radon (Rn).

17. Are all elements stable?

No. Many elements have isotopes that are radioactive, meaning their atomic nuclei are unstable and decay over time, emitting radiation. All elements with an atomic number greater than 83 (Bismuth) are entirely radioactive, meaning they have no stable isotopes. Elements like Technetium (43) and Promethium (61) are also notable for having no stable isotopes.

18. What is the difference between ionic and covalent compounds?

The main difference lies in how atoms are bonded. Ionic compounds are typically formed between a metal and a non-metal where electrons are transferred from the metal to the non-metal, creating charged ions that attract each other (e.g., NaCl). Covalent compounds are formed between two non-metals where electrons are shared between atoms to form a stable molecule (e.g., H₂O).

19. What were the first elements discovered?

Several elements that exist in their native form were known to ancient civilizations, though they weren't understood as elements in the modern sense. These include Carbon (C), Sulfur (S), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Silver (Ag), Tin (Sn), Gold (Au), Mercury (Hg), and Lead (Pb).

20. Can new elements be discovered?

Yes, but today 'discovery' usually means 'creation.' New elements are synthesized in particle accelerators by bombarding heavy elements with lighter ones. These new elements are typically superheavy, highly radioactive, and exist for only fractions of a second. Scientists are currently trying to create elements 119 and 120.

21. How are elements classified?

Elements are broadly classified based on their properties into three main categories: Metals (which are typically shiny, conductive, and malleable), Non-metals (which are generally dull, poor conductors, and brittle), and Metalloids (which have properties intermediate between metals and non-metals). They are further organized into groups (like Alkali Metals, Halogens, Noble Gases) in the periodic table based on their electron configurations and chemical behavior.

22. Which elements are radioactive?

An element is considered radioactive if all its isotopes are unstable. The most well-known radioactive elements are the actinides, such as Uranium (U), Thorium (Th), and Plutonium (Pu). Other key examples include Radium (Ra), Francium (Fr), Polonium (Po), Astatine (At), Radon (Rn), Technetium (Tc), and Promethium (Pm). In reality, many other elements have at least one radioactive isotope, but they also have stable ones.

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